Is Climate Change Shifting the Poleward Limit of Mangroves?     

Sharyn M. Hickey  Stuart R. Phinn  Nik J. Callow  Kimberly P. Van Niel  Jeff E. Hansen  Carlos M. Duarte 《Estuaries and Coasts》2017,40(5):1215-1226

Ecological (poleward) regime shifts are a predicted response to climate change and have been well documented in terrestrial and more recently ocean species. Coastal zones are amongst the most susceptible ecosystems to the impacts of climate change, yet studies particularly focused on mangroves are lacking. Recent studies have highlighted the critical ecosystem services mangroves provide, yet there is a lack of data on temporal global population response. This study tests the notion that mangroves are migrating poleward at their biogeographical limits across the globe in line with climate change. A coupled systematic approach utilising literature and land surface and air temperature data was used to determine and validate the global poleward extent of the mangrove population. Our findings indicate that whilst temperature (land and air) have both increased across the analysed time periods, the data we located showed that mangroves were not consistently extending their latitudinal range across the globe. Mangroves, unlike other marine and terrestrial taxa, do not appear to be experiencing a poleward range expansion despite warming occurring at the present distributional limits. Understanding failure for mangroves to realise the global expansion facilitated by climate warming may require a focus on local constraints, including local anthropogenic pressures and impacts, oceanographic, hydrological, and topographical conditions.  相似文献   

SeaWiFS satellite monitoring of oil spill impact on primary production in the Galápagos Marine Reserve     

Banks S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(7-8):325-330

Near daily satellite monitoring of ocean colour using sea viewing wide angle of field viewing sensor (SeaWiFS) allowed the oceanic and near coastal chlorophyll-a distributions to be followed across the Galápagos Marine Reserve (GMR) from space. In the aftermath of the Jessica spill early indications suggested that, compared to the three preceding years 1998-2000, local chlorophyll concentrations over January 2001 were elevated across the Galápagos Marine Reserve [Biological Impacts of the Jessica Oil Spill on the Galápagos Environment: Preliminary Report. Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador, 2001]. At the time of the spill the central and eastern extent of the archipelago was experiencing a spatially extensive moderate bloom event (0.5-2.5 mgm(-3) chl-a) extending over the central islands, including the source of the spill and areas of known impact such as the islands of Santa Fé, eastern Santa Cruz and Floreana directly in the advection path.Further investigation shows that chlorophyll across the affected regions of western San Cristóbal, Santa Fé, southeast Santa Cruz, eastern Floreana and eastern Isabela declined in the week directly following the spill event, yet rose in the successive month to levels analogous to preceding years. Although there may have been a localised effect of the spill upon near coast phytoplankton primary production in the short term, the observed variance in the weeks following the spill was not significant in comparison to the normal high variation between years and within the El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation signal.  相似文献   

Properties of high-redshift quasars – I. Evolution of the supermassive black hole to halo mass ratio     

J. Stuart B. Wyithe  T. Padmanabhan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,366(3):1029-1036

  相似文献   

The Propagation of Surface Waves in Anisotropic Media   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Stuart Crampin  David B. Taylor 《Geophysical Journal International》1971,25(1-3):71-87

  相似文献   

Field evaluation of emergency well disinfection for contamination events     

Smith S 《Ground water》2004,42(1):3-3

  相似文献   

THE EXPANSION METHOD: IMPLICATIONS FOR GEOGRAPHIC RESEARCH*     

Stuart A. Foster 《The Professional geographer》1991,43(2):131-142

Geographic phenomena and our models of them are closely linked to the spatial-temporal contexts in which they are observed. The expansion method is a procedure that incorporates contextual effects into mathematical models. More importantly, it is the basis for a movement by some geographers away from the classical spatial science paradigm. The evolving paradigm associated with the expansion method represents a reformulation of the way in which geographers think about and use models, and is consistent with a more realistic perspective on the nature of geographic inquiry.  相似文献   

Near and Mid-Infrared Polarization of the Nucleus in NGC 1068     

Stuart Lumsden  Joss Bland-Hawthorn  Toby Moore  Craig Smith  Tak Fujiyoshi  Martin Ward 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,248(1-2):287-293

  相似文献   

Evolution of grains in a turbulent solar nebula     

Stuart J. Weidenschilling 《Icarus》1984,60(3):553-567

In accretion disk models of the solar nebula, turbulence is driven by convective instability. This mechanism requires high opacity, which must be provided by solid grains. Evolution of the grain size distribution in a turbulent disk is computed numerically, using realistic collisional outcomes and strengths of grain aggregates, rather than an arbitrary “sticking efficiency.” The presence of turbulence greatly increases the rate of grain collisions; the coagulation rate is initially much greater than in a nonturbulent disk. Aggregates quickly reach sizes ～0.1–1 cm, but erosion and breakup in collisions prevent growth of larger bodies for plausible aggregate impact strengths. These aggregates are too small to settle to the plane of the disk, and planetesimal formation is impossible as long as the turbulence persists. However, the opacity of the disk is reduced by aggregate formation; some combinations of opacity law and surface density produce an optically thin disk, cutting off turbulent convection. The disk may experience alternating periods of turbulence and quiescence, as grains are depleted by coagulation and replenished by infall from the presolar cloud. Planetesimals can form only during the quiescent intervals; it is argued that such episodes were rare during the lifetime of the accretion disk.  相似文献   

Seismic body waves in anisotropic media: propagation through a layer   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Colum M. Keith  Stuart Crampin 《Geophysical Journal International》1977,49(1):209-223

Summary. The square-root energy ratios and pulse shapes are presented for P, SV and SH waves transmitted through a layer of orthorhombic olivine between two isotropic half-spaces. Off incident planes of symmetry, incident P waves generate two small amplitude SH waves (one from each interface), whose amplitudes decrease slowly with increasing period. Incident SV (or SH ) waves can generate large amplitude SH (or SV ) waves which decrease rapidly with increasing period. For incident S waves, many pulses not present in isotropic models are generated, often of large relative amplitude, with many of the transmitted S pulses showing evidence of double arrivals, either in the form of S-wave splitting, or a modification of the shape of the input waveform.  相似文献   

How fast do Galilean satellites spin?     

Richard Greenberg  Stuart J. Weidenschilling 《Icarus》1984,58(2):186-196

Each of the Galilean satellites, as well as most other satellites whose initial rotations have been substantially altered by tidal dissipation, has been widely assumed to rotate synchronously with its orbital mean motion. Such rotation would require a small permanent asymmetry in the mass distribution in order to overcome the small mean tidal torque. Since Io and Europa may be substantially fluid, they may not have the strenght to support the required permanent asymmetry. Thus, each may rotate at the unknown but slightly nonsynchronous rate that corresponds to zero mean tidal torque. This behaviour may be observable by Galileo spacecraft imaging. It may help explain the longitudinal variation of volcanism on Io and the cracking of Europa's crust.  相似文献